The First Water Utility Manager: Frontinus vs. Modern Utilities
In 97 AD, Sextus Julius Frontinus inherited Rome's nine aqueducts—800 km
of conduit serving over one million people—and found a system crippled not
by poor engineering but by poor management. Leaks, theft, silted channels,
and neglected maintenance drained capacity that never reached citizens. His
response? Not new aqueducts. A comprehensive audit. Two millennia later,
the global water industry loses $39–50 billion annually to non-revenue
water. The problems are identical. The solutions Frontinus documented still
work. Boring management still beats heroic technology.